Journal of Science Engineering Technology and Management Science

Manufacturers today are exposed to a widening range of shocks, from collapsing supply chains and cyberattacks to unexpected machine failures, geopolitical tension, and natural disasters. Most factories, however, are still organised mainly around throughput and efficiency, and they rarely build in the kind of forward-looking mechanisms needed to cope with uncertainty. Digital Twin (DT) technology, one of the defining developments of Industry 4.0, offers a promising response: it can mirror a physical system as a live, virtual counterpart. Yet the existing body of work has concentrated heavily on tuning processes and lifting efficiency, and comparatively little of it asks how these virtual models can be put to work for resilience and risk mitigation. To help close that gap, this study puts forward a resilience-oriented Digital Twin framework built to play out “What-If” disaster scenarios inside manufacturing ecosystems. We look at how a virtual replica of a factory can stand in for events such as supplier breakdowns, equipment faults, transport delays, labour shortages, and cyber threats, so that contingency planning can begin before trouble actually arrives. The work draws on a systematic review of 45 high-quality papers, which we used to map out what Digital Twins can currently do, where the open questions lie, and which technical limits still hold them back in manufacturing risk management. The framework we propose brings together the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), predictive analytics, and simulation modelling inside a multi-layered Digital Twin architecture that supports both real-time monitoring and scenario analysis. To test it, we built a hypothetical dataset standing in for typical manufacturing operating variables and used it to compare how the system handled disruptions before and after the Digital Twin was introduced. Our results suggest that Digital Twins make a real difference to manufacturing resilience: they cut downtime, sharpen response times, widen visibility across the supply chain, and let decisions be made ahead of events rather than after them. The contribution here is a fresh, resilience-centred framework that moves the Digital Twin away from being merely an efficiency tool and toward a strategic instrument for managing risk. For manufacturers chasing adaptive, sustainable operations in an unsettled industrial climate, the practical takeaways are clear.

Keywords :

Author : Srikanth Kummari, K. Sai jeetesh, Police Machendarao, B.S.V.Ramanna Chowdary

Title : DIGITAL TWINS FOR RISK MITIGATION IN MANUFACTURING: A RESILIENCE-ORIENTED FRAMEWORK FOR PREDICTIVE SCENARIO SIMULATION AND CONTINGENCY PLANNING

Volume/Issue : 2026;03(07)

Page No : 483-499

Investment is the collection and accumulation of cash or resources with the goal of producing wealth and earning returns in the future. Individuals can invest through a variety of channels, including bank deposits, post office schemes, mutual funds, stocks and shares, gold and silver, real estate, and other financial instruments. The investment preferences of individuals differ due to various factors like income, purpose of investment , risk bearing capacity, age etc. This study aims to analyse and compare the investment preferences of two major age groups: Generation X (The older generation, born between 1965-1980) and Millennials (The younger generation, born between 1981-1996). To achieve this objective, the Garrett Ranking Technique has been used to rank the investment options preferred by respondents in each group. Subsequently, a comparative analysis has been conducted to identify differences and similarities in their investment choices, leading to meaningful conclusions regarding the investment behaviour of these generations. The study shows that the primary difference between Generation X & Millennials is that respondents from Generation X, who are comparatively older, prefer risk-free investments, while Millennials, who are comparatively younger, are more interested in taking on moderate market risks. As a result, Millennials place Mutual Funds over traditional banking , but invest more in mutual funds than in the stock market directly. Nonetheless, both age groups share similar preference for real estate and post office-oriented investments. The report also shows that Millennials do not think Life insurance as a wise financial choice.

Keywords : Investment preferences, Generation X, Millennials, Garrett Ranking

Author : Dr. Kallol Saha* & Abhirup Midday

Title : RANKING & COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENT PREFERENCES OF GENERATION X & MILLENNIAL INVESTORS: A GARRETT RANKING APPROACH

Volume/Issue : 2026;03(07)

Page No : 500-511

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a game-changer in the realm of Human Resource Management (HRM), revolutionizing the way organizations manage their resources, boost productivity, and make informed decisions. From traditional HR to digital HR systems, organizations can now use the advanced technologies to handle talent acquisition, employee engagement, performance management, and workforce analytics (Bondarouk & Brewster, 2016). AI-powered tools that utilize predictive analytics, natural language processing, machine learning, chat bots and virtual assistants have revolutionized the recruitment process, enhancing its effectiveness, employee experience and operational efficiency ( Vrontis et al., 2022). The study explores the role of Artificial Intelligence in the HRM of the present era and its effect on different HR functions. This study has a descriptive and analytical research design with both primary and secondary data. Data was obtained from HR professionals and employees using a structured questionnaire and a sample of 200 respondents. The results indicate that AI-powered recruitment solutions improve the screening of resumes, match candidates, and automate hiring procedures, ultimately saving time in recruitment and ensuring that the best candidates are chosen (Upadhyay & Khandelwal, 2018). Additionally, AI-driven HR analytics can aid in workforce forecasting, retention projections, and data-informed decision-making, which can lead to better organizational performance (Marler & Boudreau, 2017). The research also brings to light the benefits of AI for employee engagement, such as customised learning, ongoing feedback processes, and intelligent assistance systems (Jarrahi, 2018). Even with these advantages, there are several issues of algorithmic bias, employee privacy, and transparency that must be addressed in a responsible and ethical manner (Strohmeier, 2020). The study reveals that AI is a valuable strategic ally for HRM and will be pivotal in helping to create an Industry 5.0 workplace, characterized by innovation, adaptability in the workforce, and sustainable competitiveness in the digital world. AI in HRM encompasses a wide range of applications, such as automated scheduling, candidate screening, predictive hiring algorithms, and performance analytics, among others.AI in HRM includes various applications, including automated scheduling, candidate screening, predictive hiring algorithms, performance analytics, and more.

Keywords : Game-Changer, Acquisition, Forecasting, Pivotal, Workforce, Automated

Author : Mrs.Ankita Tiwari, Mrs.Seetha Pallavi

Title : ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MODERN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Volume/Issue : 2026;03(07)

Page No : 512-519

The increasing adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) has created new challenges for power systems, particularly in managing charging demand and maintaining the stability of smart grids. Since EV charging patterns vary significantly across locations and time, accurate load forecasting has become essential for effective energy distribution and grid operation. Traditional centralized forecasting methods often require transferring charging data from multiple stations to a central server, which raises concerns related to user privacy, communication costs, scalability, and security vulnerabilities To address these challenges, this study presents a privacy-aware EV load forecasting framework that combines Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) networks, Federated Learning (FL), Blockchain technology, KMeans clustering, and Anomaly Detection techniques. The GRU model is used to learn temporal characteristics from historical charging records and generate future load predictions. Federated Learning allows charging stations to collaboratively train forecasting models without sharing their raw data, thereby ensuring data confidentiality and reducing privacy risks A blockchain-based validation mechanism is incorporated to verify local model updates before aggregation, improving transparency and protecting the system from malicious or unreliable contributions. In addition, K-Means clustering is applied to categorize charging stations according to their charging behavior, enabling better pattern analysis and resource management. Anomaly detection methods are employed to identify unusual charging activities that may negatively affect forecasting accuracy and operational efficiency. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is assessed using widely adopted forecasting metrics such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). By integrating deep learning, decentralized model training, and secure blockchain validation, the framework offers a robust solution for intelligent EV charging environments

Keywords : Electric Vehicle (EV), Load Forecasting, Federated Learning, Deep Learning, Gated Recurrent Unit, Blockchain Technology, Smart Grid, Energy Management, Privacy Preservation, Distributed Machine Learning.

Author : B Swapna, Dr. U. Sri Lakshmi, Dr.V.Anantha Krishna, Dr. U. Sri Lakshmi

Title : ELECTRIC VEHICLE LOAD FORECASTING WITH PRIVACY PROTECTION USING FEDERATED LEARNING AND BLOCKCHAIN

Volume/Issue : 2026;03(07)

Page No : 520-528

Important medical information has to be protected from unwanted access. Healthcare systems make substantial use of SDNs to optimize resource use, security, network administration, and control. SDNs provide many advantages, but because patient data is sensitive, they are susceptible to several threats. These attacks compromise networks and may result in fatal malfunctions. We adapt a layer three (L3) learning switch application to collect normal and abnormal traffic and apply it to the Ryu controller in order to propose a machine learning-based cyber-attack detector (MCAD) for healthcare systems. Our findings enhance the security of healthcare applications and lessen assaults. In order to demonstrate MCAD's advantages and disadvantages, this paper evaluates it using a variety of ML methods and attacks. Excellent reliability for the MCAD is indicated by an exceptional F1-score on both attack and normal classes. The complexity-optimized real-time system of MCAD generates 5,709,692 samples per second.

Keywords : Network resilience, network management, intrusion detection system (IDS), software defined networking, healthcare, machine learning.

Author : J. Kumari 1 , B. Madhu Krishna 2

Title : AN ENSEMBLE LEARNING EXTENSION OF MCAD FOR CYBERATTACK DETECTION IN SDN- BASED HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS

Volume/Issue : 2026;03(07)

Page No : 529-542

Brain tumor detection is a critical task in the field of medical imaging, as early diagnosis can significantly improve patient survival rates. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is widely used for identifying brain abnormalities due to its highresolution imaging capability. However, manual analysis of MRI scans is timeconsuming and may lead to human errors. This project presents an automated approach for brain tumor detection using image processing techniques. The proposed system involves preprocessing of MRI images to remove noise and enhance quality, followed by segmentation methods such as thresholding and clustering to isolate the tumor region. Morphological operations are applied to refine the detected area, and feature extraction techniques are used to analyze the size and shape of the tumor. The system is implemented using MATLAB, providing efficient processing and visualization tools. The results demonstrate accurate detection and clear identification of tumor boundaries. This method offers a reliable, cost-effective, and non-invasive solution to assist medical professionals in diagnosing brain tumors.

Keywords : Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI),MATLAB GUI,Tumor detection, Morphological operations

Author : Bodhankar Pooja1 , Animalla Sindu2 , Syeda Qathija Marriya3 , Ms. Shafia Tasneem4

Title : BRAIN TUMOR DETECTION USING IMAGE PROCESSING

Volume/Issue : 2026;03(07)

Page No : 543-550

The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) has increased the demand for efficient thermal management systems to ensure the reliable operation of in-wheel electric motors. During continuous operation, the motor generates a significant amount of heat due to copper losses, iron losses, eddy current losses, and mechanical friction. Excessive temperature adversely affects motor efficiency, permanent magnet performance, insulation life, and overall system reliability. Therefore, an effective cooling system is essential to maintain the motor within its permissible operating temperature. This research presents a numerical investigation of heat transfer characteristics of an in-wheel electric motor housing with different cooling fin arrangements using ANSYS Workbench. Four innovative cooling fin configurations, namely Straight Fin (baseline), Wave Fin, ZigZag Fin, and Rounded Layer Fin, are designed using SolidWorks while maintaining identical housing dimensions, fin height, fin thickness, and fin spacing to ensure a fair comparison. Aluminium Alloy 6061, Aluminium Alloy 7075, and Magnesium Alloy AZ91D are selected as candidate materials due to their excellent thermal conductivity, lightweight characteristics, and suitability for electric vehicle applications. Steady-state thermal analysis, and Static Structural analysis are performed under identical operating conditions by applying a uniform heat source and forced air cooling. The performance of each fin arrangement is evaluated based on maximum temperature, minimum temperature, temperature distribution, heat flux, deformation, equivalent stress, and factor of safety. Unlike previous studies that focused only on conventional straight, slanting, and transverse fin arrangements, this research extends the existing work by introducing advanced fin geometries capable of enhancing convective heat transfer while minimizing weight and maintaining structural integrity. The comparative investigation identifies the optimum cooling fin arrangement that provides maximum heat dissipation, lower operating temperature, reduced thermal resistance, and improved thermal efficiency. The findings of this work provide practical design guidelines for developing high-performance air-cooled inwheel electric motor housings for nextgeneration electric vehicles.

Keywords : The increasing demand for sustainable transportation has accelerated the development of electric vehicles (EVs) worldwide.

Author : DASI RAVI TEJA1 , B.JITHENDER2

Title : HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF IN-WHEEL ELECTRIC MOTOR HOUSING WITH DIFFERENT COOLING FIN ARRANGEMENT USING ANSYS

Volume/Issue : 2026;03(07)

Page No : 551-561

This study investigates the relationship between dividend policy and its impact on share prices, focusing on Infosys Limited, a leading Indian multinational IT services company. Dividend policy remains a critical financial decision that influences investor perception and company valuation. The research aims to analyze whether changes in dividend payout ratios, dividend yield, and consistency in dividend distribution affect Infosys’s stock prices over time. Primary and secondary data were utilized, including five years of financial statements, dividend declarations, and stock market trends from 2019 to 2024. Quantitative techniques such as regression analysis and correlation were employed using MS Excel and SPSS to evaluate the relationship between dividend metrics and stock performance. Descriptive statistics further support the data interpretation. The findings suggest a moderate positive correlation between dividend announcements and short-term share price movements. However, the effect diminishes in the long term, with earnings growth and market conditions playing a more dominant role. Investors tend to value consistent and predictable dividend policies, which enhance investor confidence and potentially reduce stock volatility. The study concludes that while dividend policy does influence share prices to a certain extent, it is not the sole determinant of stock valuation. Strategic dividend planning, aligned with long-term growth and stability, is essential for maximizing shareholder wealth. This study examines the relationship between dividend policy and share price movements at Infosys. It analyzes how dividend decisions impact investor perception and stock valuation, using historical data and financial metrics. The findings provide insights into optimal dividend strategies and their influence on market performance and shareholder value.

Keywords : Dividend Policy, Share Prices, Stock Market Performance, Dividend Payout Ratio, Shareholder Wealth, Infosys Limited.

Author : 1Ms. BADDAM AKSHAYA, 2A. BALA KRISHNA

Title : A STUDY ON DIVIDEND POLICY AND ITS EFFECT ON SHARE PRICES AT INFOSYS

Volume/Issue : 2026;03(07)

Page No : 562-567

Online banking has emerged as a significant component of the banking sector, enabling financial institutions to deliver efficient, secure, and convenient services to users through digital platforms. The rapid advancement of information technology and increasing internet penetration have accelerated the adoption of online banking services across India. This study examines the role of online banking in enhancing digital banking performance, with special reference to HDFC Bank. The primary objective of the research is to analyze how online banking services contribute to the effectiveness, accessibility, and overall performance of digital banking operations. The study focuses on various online banking services such as fund transfers, account management, bill payments, mobile banking integration, and digital payment solutions. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and secondary sources, including annual reports, banking publications, and relevant academic literature. The findings indicate that online banking has significantly improved transaction speed, operational efficiency, service accessibility, and user engagement. The adoption of advanced technologies, including mobile applications, real-time payment systems, and enhanced cybersecurity measures, has strengthened digital banking performance and increased the utilization of banking services through digital channels. The study further reveals that online banking reduces operational costs, minimizes dependence on physical branches, and supports sustainable banking practices. Additionally, the availability of round-the-clock services has enhanced convenience and encouraged greater adoption of digital banking solutions. Despite challenges such as cybersecurity risks, technological barriers, and digital literacy concerns, HDFC Bank has implemented effective strategies to maintain service quality and digital reliability. The research concludes that online banking plays a vital role in improving digital banking performance and contributes significantly to the operational growth and technological advancement of HDFC Bank. The findings provide valuable insights for banking professionals, policymakers, and researchers seeking to understand the evolving landscape of digital banking in India.

Keywords : Online Banking, Digital Banking Performance, Banking Technology, E-Banking, HDFC Bank, Financial Services.

Author : 1Mr. C. ARAVIND GOUD, 2 T. RAKESH

Title : ROLE OF ONLINE BANKING SYSTEM AT HDFC BANKS

Volume/Issue : 2026;03(07)

Page No : 568-573

This project focuses on understanding the process of financing in charge by resolving the connection 'tween risk and return in a notebook. The study analyzes the cost or loan judgment process, evaluates the risk and return traits of picked sample bonds, and climaxes the significance of active risk administration in money preparation. Various fiscal study methods are used to measure risk, equate anticipated returns, and label appropriate expense hope. The project likewise aims to assemble an optimum grant case that determines the maximum likely return for a likely level of risk, or the minimum likely risk for a requested level of return. Portfolio variety and risk administration law are used to gain a equalized grant approach. The judgments of the study help financiers form conversant economic conclusions by selecting an adept case that joins accompanying their asset aims while underrating potential misfortunes. This study illustrates the useful request of bag administration ideas and stresses the importance of compare risk and resume obtain unending fiscal aims.

Keywords : Financial Performance Analysis, HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, ITC Limited, ColgatePalmolive, Statistical Analysis, Average, Standard Deviation, Comparative Analysis, Data Visualization, Bar Chart, Line Chart, Pie Chart, Financial Performance, Company Performance, Performance Evaluation, Banking Sector, FMCG Sector, Descriptive Statistics, Business Analytics

Author : 1 T. RAKESH, 2DHANAGALLA MAHESH BABU

Title : A PROJECT REPORT ON “RISK MANAGEMENT” AT “ICICI PRUDENTIAL AMC

Volume/Issue : 2026;03(07)

Page No : 574-579

Mutual funds have emerged as one of the most preferred investment avenues for retail investors seeking long-term wealth creation through professionally managed portfolios. Among the various investment approaches offered by mutual fund companies, the Systematic Investment Plan (SIP) and Lump Sum investment methods remain the most widely adopted strategies. This study examines the comparative investment outcomes of SIPs and Lump Sum investments over time with specific reference to HDFC Mutual Fund. The objective is to evaluate how both approaches perform under varying market conditions and to determine their effectiveness in generating long-term returns for investors. The study is based on historical performance data obtained from HDFC Mutual Fund schemes and industry information published by the Association of Mutual Funds in India (AMFI, 2025). SIP investments facilitate disciplined and periodic capital allocation, thereby reducing the impact of market volatility through rupee-cost averaging, as highlighted by AMFI (2025). In contrast, Lump Sum investments deploy the entire investment amount at a single point in time and may generate superior returns when markets experience sustained upward movements, according to HDFC Mutual Fund reports (2025).

Keywords : Strategic Cost Management, E-commerce, Cost Optimization, Activity-Based Costing, Supply Chain Management, Operational Efficiency, Inventory Management, Digital Process Automation, Competitive Advantage, Organizational Performance.

Author : 1 T. RAKESH , 2 Mr. J. RAJASHEKAR

Title : A PROJECT REPORT ON “COMPERATIVE INVESTMENT OUTCOMES OF SIPS VERSUS LUMEPSUM MUTUAL FUND STRATEGIES OVERTIME AT HDFC MUTUAL FUND

Volume/Issue : 2026;03(07)

Page No : 580-585

Corporate risk management has become an integral component of strategic financial decisionmaking as organizations operate in increasingly volatile global markets characterized by exchange rate fluctuations, interest rate movements, commodity price instability, and changing regulatory environments. Financial derivatives have emerged as effective instruments for mitigating these risks by enabling firms to hedge against potential financial losses while enhancing earnings stability and shareholder value. The research focuses on understanding the effectiveness of derivatives such as forward contracts, futures, options, and swaps in minimizing exposure to foreign exchange, interest rate, and market risks arising from the company's global operations. The study adopts a descriptive and analytical research approach using secondary data collected from annual reports, financial statements, investor presentations, published literature, regulatory disclosures, and industry reports. The analysis evaluates the company's derivative policies, hedging practices, accounting treatment, and risk management framework to determine how these instruments contribute to financial stability and operational efficiency. Particular attention is given to the alignment of derivative usage with corporate governance principles, regulatory compliance, and strategic financial objectives. The findings indicate that Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories effectively integrates derivative instruments into its enterprise risk management framework to reduce uncertainty associated with international business operations. The adoption of structured hedging strategies has strengthened cash flow predictability, protected profit margins from adverse market movements, and enhanced financial resilience. Furthermore, the study highlights that prudent derivative usage, supported by strong internal controls and continuous market monitoring, contributes significantly to sustainable corporate performance. The research concludes that financial derivatives, when employed responsibly and strategically, serve as valuable risk management tools that improve organizational stability, support long-term financial planning, and reinforce stakeholder confidence. The study also provides practical recommendations for strengthening derivative governance, improving hedging effectiveness, and enhancing financial risk management practices in multinational pharmaceutical organizations.

Keywords : Financial Derivatives, Corporate Risk Management, Hedging Strategies, Market Risk, Interest Rate Risk, Foreign Exchange Risk, Commodity Price Risk, Risk Mitigation, Financial Risk Assessment, Derivative Instruments, Futures Contracts, Options Contracts, Swaps, Treasury Management, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories.

Author : 1Mr. KETHAVATH KARTHIK, 2 T. RAKESH

Title : EVALUATING FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES AS TOOLS FOR CORPORATE RISK MANAGEMENT AND HEDGING STRATEGIES AT DR. REDDY’S LABORATORIES

Volume/Issue : 2026;03(07)

Page No : 586-591

The Indian stock market has emerged as one of the most dynamic investment platforms, attracting a growing number of retail and institutional investors due to rapid technological advancements, digital trading platforms, and increasing financial awareness. However, investment decisions in the stock market are not solely influenced by financial information but are also shaped by investors' perceptions, apprehensions, emotions, and behavioral biases. Factors such as market volatility, economic conditions, risk tolerance, investment knowledge, media influence, and government policies significantly affect investors' confidence and decision-making processes. Understanding investor perception and apprehension is essential for identifying the psychological and financial factors that influence investment behavior and for promoting informed investment decisions. This study aims to analyze the perception, apprehension, and decision-making behavior of investors in the Indian stock market by examining the various internal and external factors that influence their investment choices. The study is expected to reveal that investor perception is largely influenced by financial literacy, market information, expected returns, and risk tolerance, whereas apprehension arises from market uncertainty, price fluctuations, and economic instability. The findings will provide valuable insights for investors, financial advisors, brokerage firms, policymakers, and market regulators to develop effective strategies that enhance investor confidence, improve financial awareness, and encourage rational investment decisions. Overall, the study contributes to a better understanding of behavioral finance and the factors influencing investment decisions in the Indian stock market.

Keywords : Investor Perception, Investor Apprehension, Investment Decision-Making, Indian Stock Market, Behavioral Finance, Risk Perception, Retail Investors, Investment Behavior, Financial Literacy, Stock Market Investment.

Author : 1Mr.M.Prasanna Kumar, 2MANIKANTA GURRALA

Title : ANALYSIS OF INVESTOR PERCEPTION, APPREHENSION AND DECISION MAKING IN INDIAN STOCK MARKETS

Volume/Issue : 2026;03(07)

Page No : 592-598

The banking sector plays a vital role in the economic development of a country by providing financial services, promoting savings, facilitating investments, and supporting business growth. Among the leading private sector banks in India, ICICI Bank has established a strong market presence through innovative financial products, customer-centric services, and effective marketing strategies. This study, titled "Analysis of ICICI Bank Marketing & Finance," examines the bank's marketing initiatives and financial performance to understand their contribution to organizational growth and customer satisfaction. The study evaluates various aspects of ICICI Bank's marketing practices, including digital marketing, product diversification, promotional activities, customer relationship management, and brand positioning. It also analyzes key financial indicators such as profitability, liquidity, asset quality, capital adequacy, and operational efficiency to assess the bank's financial strength and stability. The research adopts a descriptive and analytical approach using both primary and secondary data sources. Primary data are collected through customer questionnaires to understand perceptions of ICICI Bank's services and marketing effectiveness, while secondary data are obtained from annual reports, financial statements, company publications, and other authentic sources. Financial ratio analysis and comparative evaluation are used to interpret the bank's financial performance over recent years. The findings indicate that ICICI Bank has successfully strengthened its market position through technology-driven banking services, innovative financial products, and efficient digital marketing strategies. Strong financial management, consistent profitability, and effective customer engagement have contributed significantly to its sustained growth and competitive advantage. The study concludes that continuous innovation, improved customer service, and strategic financial planning will further enhance ICICI Bank's long-term performance and market leadership in the Indian banking industry.

Keywords : ICICI Bank, Marketing Strategy, Financial Performance, Customer Satisfaction, Digital Banking, Financial Analysis, Banking Sector, Profitability, Customer Relationship Management, Investment.

Author : 1Dr.A.S.PRASAD , 2MENDELI VENKATESWARA RAO

Title : Analysis of ICICI Bank Marketing & Finance

Volume/Issue : 2026;03(07)

Page No : 599-604

The life insurance sector has become an essential component of the financial system by providing financial protection, encouraging long-term savings, and supporting economic stability. With rapid technological advancements, increasing financial awareness, regulatory reforms, and changing customer expectations, the life insurance industry has witnessed significant growth and transformation in recent years. This study, titled "Analysis of the Emerging Scenario of Life Insurance," examines the evolving trends, customer preferences, challenges, and opportunities in the life insurance sector. The study is based on both primary and secondary data collected from policyholders, company reports, research journals, and official publications. The analysis focuses on factors such as customer awareness, service quality, digital insurance services, claim settlement, and policy selection. The findings indicate that digital transformation, innovative insurance products, and improved customer service have positively influenced the growth of the industry, while challenges such as low insurance penetration and limited financial literacy continue to exist. The study concludes that enhancing customer awareness, adopting advanced technologies, and developing customercentric insurance products will further strengthen the life insurance industry and contribute to sustainable economic development.

Keywords : Life Insurance, Insurance Industry, Customer Perception, Financial Security, Digital Insurance, Insurance Marketing, Financial Inclusion, Policyholder Satisfaction, Risk Management, Insurance Growth.

Author : 1Dr.A.S.PRASAD, 2MOTHE VENKATA RAMANA

Title : ANALYSIS OF THE EMERGING SCENARIO OF LIFE INSURANCE

Volume/Issue : 2026;03(07)

Page No : 605-610

Effective inventory management is a critical component for the operational success of any largescale IT and services enterprise, including Infosys Pvt Ltd. This study evaluates the inventory management system implemented at Infosys Pvt Ltd, identifying its core functionalities, impact on operational efficiency, and areas of potential improvement. With the rapid expansion of physical and digital assets, managing hardware, software licenses, and facility resources requires robust systems. The research explores the methodologies adopted for inventory tracking, procurement, and auditing, highlighting how advanced software solutions streamline these processes. Primary data collected from employees involved in operations and IT asset management, combined with secondary data from organizational reports and academic journals, form the basis of the analysis. The findings reveal that the current inventory management system significantly reduces asset misplacement, optimizes procurement cycles, and enhances overall transparency. However, challenges such as integration with legacy systems, occasional reporting discrepancies, and training requirements for new updates persist. The study concludes with strategic recommendations to integrate AI-driven predictive analytics and automated auditing tools to further fortify the inventory management framework. Ultimately, this research underscores the indispensability of a modern, automated inventory system in sustaining the operational excellence of a global IT giant.

Keywords : Inventory Management, IT Asset Management, Operational Efficiency, Procurement, Automation, Infosys Pvt Ltd, Supply Chain Management, Asset Tracking.

Author : 1Mr.M.Prasanna Kumar, 2 PALLAKATLA SURENDRA

Title : A STUDY ON INVENTORY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM INFOSYS PVT LDF

Volume/Issue : 2026;03(07)

Page No : 611-618

Leadership plays a vital role in maintaining discipline, operational efficiency, and organizational effectiveness in security organizations. The Indian security forces, including the armed forces, paramilitary forces, and police organizations, operate in highly challenging environments that demand strong, adaptive, and ethical leadership. This study examines the various leadership styles practiced in Indian security forces and their influence on employee motivation, team cohesion, decision-making, and operational performance. The research explores leadership approaches such as transformational, transactional, democratic, and situational leadership and evaluates their effectiveness in handling complex security situations. The study adopts a descriptive and analytical approach by reviewing existing literature and understanding the perceptions of personnel regarding leadership practices within security organizations. Findings indicate that transformational and situational leadership styles significantly contribute to enhancing morale, improving communication, fostering trust, and increasing organizational commitment among security personnel. At the same time, transactional leadership remains essential in maintaining discipline, accountability, and adherence to standard operating procedures. The study concludes that an effective blend of leadership styles is necessary for addressing the dynamic and high-pressure environments faced by Indian security forces. The research provides valuable insights for policymakers and security administrators in designing leadership development programs that strengthen organizational effectiveness and personnel performance.

Keywords : Leadership Style, Indian Security Forces, Transformational Leadership, Transactional Leadership, Situational Leadership, Organizational Performance, Employee Motivation, Team Cohesion.

Author : 1Ms.A.Vijayasiri, 2Thadikuppala S S S Manikanta Swamy

Title : A Study On Impact Of Leadership Styles On Organizational Performance Towards Sonata Software Ltd

Volume/Issue : 2026;03(07)

Page No : 619-625

Employee welfare plays a vital role in enhancing employee satisfaction, productivity, motivation, and organizational commitment. In today's competitive business environment, organizations recognize that employee welfare is not merely a statutory obligation but a strategic investment that contributes significantly to overall organizational success. Welfare measures help create a positive work environment, improve employee morale, reduce absenteeism, and strengthen industrial relations. National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC), one of India's largest public sector enterprises, has consistently focused on employee welfare by providing comprehensive facilities related to health, safety, education, housing, recreation, social security, and career development.The present study aims to analyze the employee welfare measures provided by NTPC and evaluate their impact on employee satisfaction and organizational performance. The research examines various welfare schemes implemented by the organization and assesses employees' perceptions regarding their effectiveness. The study also identifies areas where welfare practices can be further improved to meet changing employee expectations and workplace requirements.The research is based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data is collected through questionnaires administered to employees of NTPC, while secondary data is gathered from company reports, journals, books, research articles, and official publications. The findings indicate that NTPC has established an effective employee welfare system that positively influences employee motivation, job satisfaction, productivity, and organizational loyalty. The study concludes that continuous improvement in welfare practices, employee participation, and adoption of modern welfare initiatives are essential for sustaining workforce satisfaction and achieving organizational excellence.

Keywords : Employee Welfare, Employee Satisfaction, Human Resource Management, NTPC, Employee Motivation, Workplace Safety, Industrial Relations, Organizational Performance, Welfare Measures, Employee Development.

Author : 1Mrs.U.Jhansi Rani, 2Vepuri Satish

Title : Study On Employee Welfare At Ntpc

Volume/Issue : 2026;03(07)

Page No : 626-635

Performance Management System (PMS) is a strategic approach used by organizations to improve employee performance, productivity, and overall organizational effectiveness. It is a continuous process that involves setting performance standards, monitoring employee progress, providing feedback, evaluating performance, and implementing development plans. In today's highly competitive business environment, organizations focus on effective performance management systems to align employee goals with organizational objectives and enhance operational efficiency. An effective PMS helps organizations identify employee strengths and weaknesses, improve communication between managers and employees, increase motivation, and support career development initiatives.The present study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Performance Management System adopted in organizations and evaluate its impact on employee productivity, job satisfaction, and organizational growth. The study examines various components of PMS such as performance appraisal, goal setting, feedback mechanisms, employee development programs, and reward systems. Data for the study can be collected through questionnaires distributed among employees and managers. The findings indicate that an effective performance management system significantly contributes to employee engagement, improved productivity, better communication, and enhanced organizational performance. The study concludes that organizations should continuously update their performance management practices to meet changing business requirements and employee expectations.

Keywords : Performance Management System, Employee Performance, Performance Appraisal, Employee Development, Productivity, Organizational Effectiveness, Employee Satisfaction, Goal Setting, Feedback System, Human Resource Management.

Author : 1Mrs.N. Devi Sireesha, 2Vudimudi Vivek

Title : Study Of Performance Management System

Volume/Issue : 2026;03(07)

Page No : 636-644

This study examines the influence of ephemeral social media content, such as Instagram Stories, Snapchat Stories, and WhatsApp Status, on consumer engagement, framed within the Uses and Gratifications Theory. It investigates how hedonic gratification (entertainment and enjoyment) and utilitarian gratification (usefulness and information) derived from temporary content shape engagement, and whether effects vary by age. Using a descriptive-analytical, quantitative design, primary data were collected from 119 respondents through a structured five-point Likert-scale questionnaire via convenience sampling, and analysed in SPSS using reliability analysis, multiple regression, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation, testing four hypotheses. The results show that hedonic and utilitarian gratification significantly predict consumer engagement, jointly explaining 37.5 per cent of its variance (R² = .375), with hedonic gratification exerting a marginally stronger effect (β = .374) than utilitarian gratification (β = .365), though this difference was not statistically confirmed. Age significantly affects utilitarian gratification and content preference but not hedonic gratification or overall engagement, offering partial support for the agerelated hypothesis. Hedonic and utilitarian gratification are also significantly correlated with engagement, confirming the proposed relationships. These findings extend the Uses and Gratifications framework to ephemeral digital formats and offer practical guidance to marketers, brands, and content creators designing story-based campaigns.

Keywords : Ephemeral Content, Instagram Stories, Uses and Gratifications Theory, Hedonic Gratification, Utilitarian Gratification, Consumer Engagement

Author : Ginu Susan Koshy, Dr. Tanuja Dubey

Title : IMPACT OF HEDONIC AND UTILITARIAN GRATIFICATION GAINED FROM EPHEMERAL CONTENT ON SOCIAL MEDIA ON CONSUMER ENGAGEMENT

Volume/Issue : 2026;03(07)

Page No : 645-655

The capital market plays a significant role in the economic development of India by mobilizing savings and channeling them into productive investments. Financial institutions act as important intermediaries in the capital market by facilitating the flow of funds between investors and borrowers. This study focuses on the role of financial institutions in the development and functioning of the Indian capital market. The study examines how institutions such as commercial banks, insurance companies, mutual funds, development financial institutions, and investment companies contribute to capital formation, investment promotion, liquidity creation, and economic growth. It also highlights the services provided by these institutions, including underwriting, investment advisory, portfolio management, and financial assistance to industries and businesses. The research identifies the impact of financial institutions on investor confidence, market stability, and efficient allocation of financial resources. The study is based on secondary data collected from books, journals, reports, and online sources related to the Indian financial system and capital market operations. The findings reveal that financial institutions have played a crucial role in strengthening the Indian capital market by improving investment opportunities, increasing public participation, and supporting industrial and economic development. The study concludes that financial institutions are essential for the smooth functioning and expansion of the capital market in India and continue to contribute significantly toward the country’s financial growth and economic stability.

Keywords :

Author : 1Mrs.T.Naga Lakshmi, 2Kari Mohan

Title : STUDY ON THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTION IN CAPITAL MARKET IN INDIA

Volume/Issue : 2026;03(07)

Page No : 656-662

The present study focuses on the risk perception and portfolio management practices of equity investors in India. With the rapid growth of the Indian stock market and increasing participation of retail investors, understanding investor behavior toward risk and investment decisions has become highly significant. The study aims to analyze the level of risk awareness among equity investors, identify factors influencing investment decisions, and examine portfolio management strategies adopted by investors for maximizing returns and minimizing risks. The research is based on primary and secondary data collected through structured questionnaires, journals, reports, and financial publications. The study evaluates investor preferences regarding equity investments, diversification strategies, investment horizons, return expectations, and awareness of market fluctuations. It also examines the impact of demographic factors such as age, income, education, and occupation on investors’ risk perception and portfolio choices. The findings indicate that most investors are aware of market risks and prefer diversified portfolios to reduce uncertainty. Investors with higher financial knowledge and income levels tend to take calculated risks and invest in a wider range of equity instruments. The study also reveals that portfolio management plays an important role in achieving financial stability and long-term wealth creation. Proper analysis, diversification, and continuous monitoring of investments are considered essential for effective portfolio management.

Keywords :

Author : 1Dr. D.N.V.Krishna Reddy, 2Kelavath Nithin

Title : STUDY ON RISK PERCEPTION AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT OF EQUITY INVESTORS IN INDIA

Volume/Issue : 2026;03(07)

Page No : 663-669

Arithmetic and logic unit has been the most significant unit in any electronic devices. In the recent advancement, for an arithmetic and logic unit to be significant it needs to have an efficient algorithmic operation such as Multiplications and addition. Major operation block in any processing unit is a multiplier. There are many multiplication algorithms are proposed, by using which multiplier structure can be designed. Among various multiplication algorithms, Wallace tree multiplication algorithm is beneficial in terms of speed of operation. With the advancement of technology, demand for circuits with high speed and low area is increasing. In order to improve the speed of Wallace tree multiplier without degrading its area parameter, a new structure of Wallace tree multiplier is proposed in this paper. In the proposed structure, the final addition stage of partial products is performed by parallel prefix adders (PPAs). In this project, five Wallace tree multiplier structures are proposed using Kogge stone adder, Sklansky adder, Brent Kung adder, Ladner Fischer adder and Han carlson adder. Project will be developed using Verilog HDL. Xilinx ISE tool is used to perform the Simulation and Synthesis.

Keywords : Wallace tree multiplication algorithm, Kogge stone adder, Sklansky adder, parallel prefix adders (PPAs).

Author : T.JAHNAVI1 , SK.JOHN SAIDHA 2

Title : DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HIGH SPEED WALLACE TREE MULTIPLIER USING PARALLEL PREFIX ADDERS FOR VLSI CIRCUIT DESIGNS

Volume/Issue : 2026;03(07)

Page No : 700-705

Low complexity turbo-like codes based on simple two-state trellis or simple graph structure results in encoding with low complexity. Out of this Convolution encoder and turbo codes are widely used due to the excellent error control performance. The most popular communications encoding algorithm, the iterative decoding requires an exponential increase in hardware complexity to achieve greater encode accuracy. This project focuses on the realization of turbo encoder and decoder using Log-Map based Iterative decoding technique.The turbo codes are designed with the help of Recursive Systematic Convolutional and are separated by inter leaver, which (component used to rearrange the bit sequence) plays a vital role in the encoding process. This paper provides the design of a Turbo Encoder, which is parallel concatenation of Recursive Systematic Convolutional (RSC) encoders and inter leaver to reduce delay. The Turbo Encoder is designed by Verilog-HDL and Synthesized by Xilinx ISE.

Keywords : Encoder system, Recursive Systematic Convolution, Error control performance.

Author : B.SHILPA1 O.MOUNIKA DEVI 2

Title : ENERGY EFFICIENT SECURE MEMORY ELEMENTS IN DIGITAL DEVICES

Volume/Issue : 2026;03(07)

Page No : 706-710

When the wind power is injected into the electric grid affects the power quality. The effects of the power quality measurements are the active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operations. The STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) is shunt connected VSC (Voltage Source Converter) with self commutating device and can be effectively used for reactive power compensation. This paper presents STATCOM with wind energy system at point of common coupling to mitigate power quality issues. The STATCOM control scheme for grid connected wind energy system is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK for the purpose of power quality improvement in power system. The simulation results reveal the performance of STATCOM in conjunction with PI controller.

Keywords : To have sustainable growth and social progress, it is necessary to meet the energy need by utilizing the renewable energy resources like wind, biomass, hydro, co-generation, etc. In sustainable energy system, energy conservation and the use of renewable source are the key paradigm.

Author : K.SWETHA1 SK.ARIF 2

Title : A STATCOM-CONTROL SCHEME FOR GRID CONNECTED WIND ENERGY SYSTEM FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

Volume/Issue : 2026;03(07)

Page No : 711-716