Sunanda1 , Yadagiri Deekshitha2 , Shaik Basheer Ahmed3 , Thota Srujana4 , Dr. Y. Azith5 02 11 Profitability analysis is a fundamental tool of financial performance evaluation enabling stakeholders to assess the operational efficiency cost management effectiveness and return generation capacity of a firm across financial reporting periods UltraTech Cement Limited a flagship company of the Aditya Birla Group and Indias largest cement manufacturer with installed capacity of 15491 MTPA serves as a critical case study in profitability dynamics within the Indian construction materials sector This study conducts a comprehensive profitability analysis of UltraTech Cement using ratio analysis trend analysis and Du Pont framework decomposition across the fiveyear period FY 201920 to FY 202324 Key profitability ratios examined include gross profit margin operating profit margin net profit margin return on equity return on assets return on capital employed earnings per share and EBITDA margin Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires administered to 90 respondents comprising financial analysts investors and cement industry professionals Secondary data was sourced from UltraTech Cement Annual Reports FY 20202024 Cement Manufacturers Association publications BSE and NSE financial disclosures and academic literature on profitability analysis in manufacturing Findings indicate that UltraTech Cement has achieved consistent profitability improvement with net profit margin growing from 58 FY 201920 to 104 FY 202324 ROCE expanding from 102 to 168 and EPS rising from 1274 to 2436 over the study period driven by capacity expansion cost optimisation and premium product mix enhancement Recommendations address energy cost management working capital efficiency and digital transformation investment for sustaining profitability improvement Copyright (c) Journal of Science Engineering Technology and Management Science. All rights reserved 2026