1PARAKALA KOTESH, 2Mrs.B.SRILEKHA, 3KOREPU SAI KIRAN, 4KALE RAMESH, 5CHALLA RAKESH 03 08 The continuous growth of electrical power distribution networks has significantly increased the importance of protecting distribution transformers against electrical faults overload conditions and equipment failures Distribution transformers play a critical role in supplying reliable electrical energy from substations to residential commercial and industrial consumers Conventional transformer protection systems primarily rely on manual inspection and local protective devices which often fail to provide realtime fault monitoring and precise fault localization These limitations increase maintenance time prolong power interruptions reduce system reliability and increase operational costs Recent advancements in the Internet of Things IoT embedded systems wireless communication cloud computing and smart sensors have enabled the development of intelligent transformer monitoring systems capable of continuously analysing transformer operating conditions and identifying faults in real time This project presents an IoT Enabled Distribution Transformer Protection with RealTime Fault Localization The proposed framework integrates an ESP32Arduino controller voltage sensor current sensor temperature sensor oil level sensor fault detection module GPS module IoT communication module cloud monitoring platform and mobile application into a unified transformer protection system The embedded controller continuously monitors transformer voltage current temperature oil level and fault conditions while determining the precise geographical location of the transformer using GPS Whenever abnormal operating conditions such as overload short circuit overheating low oil level or overvoltage are detected the system immediately isolates the fault generates warning alerts uploads transformer information to the cloud platform and transmits the exact transformer location to maintenance personnel for rapid fault localization Experimental evaluation demonstrates high fault detection accuracy reliable sensor monitoring stable wireless communication accurate fault localization low response time and continuous remote monitoring under different operating conditions The proposed framework significantly improves transformer protection minimizes outage duration reduces maintenance costs enhances power distribution reliability and provides a costeffective solution for nextgeneration intelligent smart grid applications Copyright (c) Journal of Science Engineering Technology and Management Science. All rights reserved 2026